Secondary Metabolites from Halostachys caspica and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Nine secondary metabolites have been isolated from the aerial parts of Halostachys caspica C. A. Mey. (Chenopodiaceae). By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as betaine (1), diphenylamine (2), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), β-sitosterol (4), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (5), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (6), 2-hydroxy benzoic acid (7), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid (8), and 3,4-dihydroxy benzeneacrylic acid (9). All compounds were isolated from this plant species for the first time. They were screened to exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activities to some extent except for the compounds 1 and 3. The results indicated that the isolated phenol acids and diphenylamine (2) could be the main bioactive components in the crude ethanol extract of H. caspica.