Synthesis and biological activities of piperazine derivatives as antimicrobial and antifungal agents

Apart from thiazole, benzimidazole, and tetrazole family, some of the piperazine analogs also show significant pharmacophoric activities. The synthesis of piperazine through intermediate 3 occurred via coupling of substituted benzenethiol with chloro-nitrobenzene. The nitro group of the isolated intermediate was reduced via an iron-acetic acid system. The aniline intermediate was cyclized with bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride to obtain piperazine moiety. The synthesized substituted piperazine derivatives were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptomyces epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. As a result, many of the synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial and antifungal properties.