Records of Natural Products

Year: 2015 Volume: 9 Issue:3 July-September

Original Article

1) Two New Alkaloids from a Marine-derived Fungus Neosartorya fischeri

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 271 - 275
by Bin Wu, Gang Chen, Zhuo-gang Liu and Yuhu Pei

Investigation of EtOAc extract from the fermentation broth of the fungus Neosartorya fischeri led to the isolation of two novel alkaloids and one known compound with antitumor activity against HL-60 cell lines. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR and HR-TOF-MS, as well as on comparison with the reported data.

Keywords
Neosartorya fischeri fungus HL-60
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Original Article

2) α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Fruits of Rosa canina L.

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 276 - 283
by Behvar Asghari, Peyman Salehi, Mahdi Moridi Farimani and Samad Nejad Ebrahimi

As part of ongoing project on screening plants used in Iranian folk medicine to treatment of diabetes, α-glucosidase inhibition activities of Rosa canina extracts have been tested. The acetone extract of the plant exhibited significant inhibition with IC 50 value of 0.3 µg/ml. The enzyme based assay guided fractionation of the acetone extract led to the isolation of daucosterol (1) and D-glucono-1,4-lactone (2), as highly active α-glucosidase inhibitors. Their structures were determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic evidences. The IC 50 values of daucosterol and D-glucono-1,4-lactone on yeast α-glucosidase were 13.3 and 6.5 µM, respectively, while IC 50 of acarbose was 16.1 µM, as a positive control. The Lineweaver-Burk plots analysis elucidated that both of the compounds inhibited the enzyme competitively. The study suggests that isolated compounds can be good candidates as α-glucosidase inhibitors and provide strong rationale for more in vivo studies.

Keywords
anti-diabetic α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition Rosa canina L. daucosterol D-glucono-1 4-lactone
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Original Article

3) Antioxidant Activity of Chemical Constituents Isolated from Pithecellobium clypearia

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 284 - 291
by Lingzhi Li, Ying Peng, Chong Hu, Chunting Liu Qingbo Liu, Linguang Li, Jie Wu and Shaojiang Song

Phytochemical investigation of the aqueous extract of Pithecellobium clypearia afforded one n ovel compound, clypearoside A(1), and one new stereoisomer , (-)-(2S,3S)-epigallocatechin-7-gallate(2) and four known ones (3-6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, especially 2D NMR, HRESIMS and ECD spectra. Compounds 2-4 showed strong activity against DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) with an IC 50 value of 11.9-13.2 μg/mL (DPPH) and 4.5-6.4 μg/mL (ABTS).

Keywords
Pithecellobium clypearia DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay ECD spectra
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Original Article

4) Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell.

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 292 - 296
by Gilmara A.C. Fortes, Antônio J. R. da Silva, Pedro H. Ferri and Suzana C. Santos

A new acylated glycoside, 4-O-( 4’,6’-di-O-galloyl- b - D -glucopyranosyl)-trans-p-coumaric acid, named microcoryn ( 1 ) , together with sixteen known phenolic compounds, 5-O-(6'-O-galloyl- b - D -glucopyranosyl)-gentisic acid (2), ellagic acid (3), gallic acid (4), kaempferol (5), quercetin (6), 3-O-galloyl- b - D -glucose (7), 2,3,6-tri-O-galloyl- b - D -glucose (8), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl- b - D -glucose (9), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- b - D -glucose (10), 4,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl- b - D -glucose (11), gemin D (12), tellimagrandin I (13), tellimagrandin II (14), isocoriariin F (15), oenothein C (16), and oenothein B (17) were isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus microcorys . The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic data, especially by 2D NMR techniques. This is the first phytochemical investigation of this plant’s leaf extract.

Keywords
A cylated glycosides ellagitannins spectroscopic analyses
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Original Article

5) A New Ceramide Along With Eight Known Compounds from the Roots of Artemisia incisa Pamp

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 297 - 304
by Mamoon-Ur-Rashid, Muhammad Alamzeb, Saqib Ali, Ashfaq Ahmad Khan, John O Igoli, Valerie A Ferro, Alexander Irvine Gray and Mohammad Rafiullah Khan

A new compound (1) (named as artemceramide-B) together with eight known compounds (taraxerol (2), taraxerol acetate (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), trans-ethyl caffeate, dracunculin (7), scoparone (8) and isoscopoletin (9) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the roots of Artemisia incisa Pamp (Asteracae). The structures of the compounds were determined through IR, 1D NMR ( 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and 2D NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) analyses. Accurate mass analyses were done with EI-MS, ESI-MS and acid methanolysis of compound 1 followed by GS-MS studies. The relative stereochemistry of artemceramide-B was determined by comparing its specific rotation and spectroscopic data with the literature. Compounds 1-9 were tested for their anti-bacterial potential against five bacteria strains; Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Compound 1 (new) (MIC: 0.0157, 0.0313 mg/mL ) and 7 (MIC: 0.0815 , 1.000 mg/mL ) showed excellent activities against S. epidermidis and S. aureuswhile compound 9 showed excellent activities (MIC: 0.0700 , 1.234, 1.890 and 2.286 mg/mL) against S. epidermidis,S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. Compound 6 (MIC: 2.000 mg/mL) was found to be active against E. coli while neither of the compounds showed potential activity against B. subtilis.

Keywords
A. incisa Asteraceae artemceramide-B methanolysis
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Original Article

6) The Antioxidant and Tyrosinase-inhibiting A ctivities of 8-O-4′ N eolignans from Crataegus pinnatifida S eeds

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 305 - 311
by Xiao-Xiao Huang, Qing-Bo Liu, Le Zhou, Sen Liu, Zhuo-Yang Cheng, Qian Sun, Ling-Zhi Li and Shao-Jiang Song

Many tyrosinase inhibitors have been alleged to have serious side effects. To search for relatively mild and safe tyrosinase inhibitors, two new 8-O-4′ neolignans, named huangnin A (1) and B (2), and four known analogs (3-6) were isolated from the seeds of Crataegus pinnatifida. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses (1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, CD and Rh 2(OCOCF 3) 4-induced CD). In addition, the in vitroantioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of all isolates were evaluated. The results showed that compound 5 has good antioxidant and promising tyrosinase-inhibiting activities.

Keywords
Crataegus pinnatifida Rosaceae 8-O-4′ neolignans antioxidant activity tyrosinase-inhibiting activity
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Original Article

7) Chemical Constituents, in vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Perralderia coronopifolia Coss. subsp. eu-coronopifolia M. var. typica M. extract

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 312 - 322
by Sara Boussaha, Khadidja Bekhouche, Azzedine Boudjerda, Francisco Leόn, Serkan Koldaş, Ayse Sahin Yaglioglu, İbrahim Demirtaş, Ignacio Brouard, Eric Marchioni, Djamila Zama, Samir Benayache and Fadila Benayache

Phytochemical investigations of extracts from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Perralderia coronopifolia Cosson resulted in the isolation of nine secondary metabolites corresponding to three flavonoids: rhamnazin(1), chrysosplenol D (3), and (2R, 3R) taxifolin (4), two monoterpene glycosides : myrtenol- β-D-glucopyranoside- 6'-O-acetate (2) and myrtenol β-D-glucopyranoside (7), a disaccharide: sucrose (9) and three di-O-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives : methyl 3, 5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (5 ) and methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (6 ) as a mixture and 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8). The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods such as 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments, HRESI-MS and comparison with literature data. Myrtenol-β-D-glucopyranoside-6'-O-acetate (2) was isolated in pure and native state for the first time. The other compounds are new for the genus Perralderia Cosson. The ethyl acetate extract showed a high antioxidant effect, especially DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC 50=7.01±0.28µg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid ( IC 50= 5±0.1µg/mL . This extract also showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) and C6 (rat brain tumor) cells.

Keywords
Asteraceae Perralderia coronopifolia flavonoids caffeoylquinic acids terpenoids antioxidant activity
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Original Article

8) A Rare Secoiridoid Dimer Derivative from Ligustri lucidi fructus

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 323 - 328
by Liangliang Gao, Xiaoqian Liu, Chun Li, Zhimin Wang and Tao Guo

A secoiridoid glucoside dimer derivative, named as 4', 5'-(2'-hydroxy ligustrosidic acid) dimer (1), together with two known secoiridoids were isolated from the aqueous extract of Ligustri lucidi fructus. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS, and the reported literature data comparison. This is the first report on iridoid dimer derivative isolation from the genus Ligustrum. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity.

Keywords
Ligustri lucidi fructus Secoiridoid dimer derivative Antioxidant activity
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Original Article

9) Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Studies of a New Rosane Type Diterpenoid from Stachys parviflora

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 329 - 335
by Umar Farooq, Khurshid Ayub, Muhammad Ali Hashmi, Rizwana Sarwar, Afsar Khan, Saleha Suleman Khan, Ajmal Khan and Mumtaz Ali

A rosane type diterpenoid has been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Stachys parviflora. The structure elucidation was based primarily on 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques including correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). Density functional theory calculations have been performed to gain insight into the geometric, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the isolated diterpenoid. The geometries, vibrational spectrum and electronic properties were modeled at B3LYP/6-31G(d) and the theoretical data correlated nicely with the experimental values. Simulated chemical shifts at B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) showed much better correlation with the experimental chemical shifts, compared to B3LYP/6-31G(d) and WP04/6-31G(d).

Keywords
Stachys parviflora diterpenoid B3LYP GIAO DFT
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Original Article

10) Four New Cycloheximide Derivatives from Streptomyces sp. h-119

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 336 - 341
by Dou Yang, Qing Yan Xu, Xian Ming Deng, Si Yang Song, Zhi Yu Hu and Zhong Hui Zheng

Four novel cycloheximide derivatives(1-4) and two known compounds—l-cycloheximide(5), and isocycloheximide(6) were obtained from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. h-119, which was isolated from the sediment samples collected in intertidal   zone , Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1 D and 2D-NMR experiments, and by HR-Q-TO F mass spectrometry . Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated.

Keywords
C ycloheximide derivatives streptomyces sp. h-119 s pectroscopic analyses
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Original Article

11) Lignans and Other Constituents from Helianthemum sessiliflorum Pers.

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 342 - 348
by Imane Benabdelaziz, Hamada Haba, Catherine Lavaud, Dominique Harakat and Mohammed Benkhaled

One new lignan named 1-O-acetyl prinsepiol (1),in addition to nineteen known compounds including two lignans; 1α-hydroxypinoresinol (2) and (+)˗cycloolivil (3), one fatty acid; ( ̶ )˗pinellic acid (4), f ive phenolic acids; benzoic acid (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), protocatechuic acid (7), vanillic acid (8) and gallic acid (9), nine flavonoids; ( ̶ )˗epicatechin (10), ( ̶ )˗catechin (11), ( ̶ )˗epigallocatechin (12), ( ̶ )˗gallocatechin (13), astragalin (14), tiliroside (15), quercetrin (16), isoquercetrin (17) and myricitrin (18), and two phytosterols; β-sitosterol (19) and daucosterol (20) were isolated from the aerial parts of AcOEt extract of medicinal plant Helianthemum sessiliflorum Pers . of the family Cistaceae. The structures of all the isolated compounds 1-20 were determined by spectral methods including 1D ( 1H and 13C NMR) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), HR-ESI-MS, values of optical rotation and chemical correlations with known compounds that have been described in the literature.

Keywords
Helianthemum sessiliflorum Cistaceae lignans phenolics NMR
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Original Article

12) Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Constituents from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizomes

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 349 - 355
by Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi, Lo Jia Ye, Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, Hazrina Hazni, Mohammadjavad Paydar, Chung Yeng Looi, Jamil A. Shilpi, Habsah Abdul Kadir and Khalijah Awang

This study investigates the effect of phytochemical constituents from medicinally important plant Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc., on hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybridoma cells NG108-15. Phytochemical investigation of C. zedoaria rhizomes resulted in the isolation of nine sesquiterpenes (germacrone 1, dehydrocurdione 2, curcumenol 3, isoprocurcumenol 5, curcumenone 6, procurcumenol 7, zerumbone epoxide 8, zederone 9 and gweicurculactone 10) and one labdane diterpene (zerumin A 4). Curcumenol (3) and dehydrocurdione (2) showed 100% protection of the NG108-15 cells at the concentrations of 4 and 10 µM, respectively. Procurcumenol (7), isoprocurcumenol (5), zerumbone epoxide (8), zerumin A (4) and germacrone (1) showed moderate activity (80-90% protection). In the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay, all the test compounds showed strong antioxidant activity except curcumenol (3) which showed moderate antioxidant activity, as compared to the reference standard quercetin.

Keywords
Curcumenol dehydrocurdion zerumbone epoxide ORAC assay NG108-15 cells
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Original Article

13) Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Hydrophilic Ocotillol-Type Triterpenoid Derivatives from 20(S)- Protopanaxadiol

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 356 - 368
by Yi Bi,, Cong Ma, Zhiwen Zhou, Tingting Zhang, Hengyuan Zhang, Xiaochen Zhang, Jing Lu, Qingguo Meng, Peter J. Lewis, and Jinyi Xu

Triterpenoid saponins are involved in plant defense systems to inhibit bacterial invasion. A new series of hydrophilic ocotillol-type triterpenoid derivatives 5-26 have been synthesi z ed with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including a community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA; strain USA300). From this series, compounds 6 and 15 were found to be the most active, both with MIC values of 2 μg/mL against B. subtilis 168 and 8 μg/mL against S. aureus USA300, respectively. Furthermore, subsequent assays showed that compounds 6 and 15 displayed strong synergistic effects at sub-MIC levels against both S. aureus USA300 and B. subtilis 168 when combined with two commercial antibiotics, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies were also performed.

Keywords
Ocotillol triterpenoid antibacterial activity synergistic effect
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Original Article

14) Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Digitalis viridiflora

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 369 - 373
by Hasan Kırmızıbekmez

From the MeOH extract of the leaves of Digitalis viridiflora five phenylethanoid glycosides (1-5) including a new one were isolated. The structure of the new compound was established as 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-β-quinovopyranosyl-(1 ® 6)-4-O-caffeoyl-β-glucopyranoside (viridifloroside, 1) based on extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. Compound 1 is the first example of a phenylethnoid glycoside bearing a quinovopyranose in its structure. The chemotaxonomic importance of the isolates was also discussed.

Keywords
Digitalis viridiflora Plantaginaceae phenylethanoid glycosides viridifloroside chemotaxonomy
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Original Article

15) A New Premyrsinane-type Diterpenoid Polyester from Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 374 - 378
by Li Wang, Zhen Zang, Jie Zhang, Xianghua Wu, Shengxiong Huang, Pei Cao and Yong Zhao

Phytochemical investigation of the 70% aqueous acetone extract of Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. afforded a new premyrsinane-type diterpenoid polyester, 3β-O-isobutyryl-5α-O-benzoyl-7β,13β-di-O-acetyl-17-O-nicotinoylpremyrsinol (1), and two known analogues, euphorbialoids C (2) and D (3). Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR and ESI-MS) and comparison with data reported in the literature.

Keywords
Euphorbia dracunculoides premyrsinane-type diterpen oid polyester
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Original Article

16) Hypoglycaemic Effect of Seed and Fruit Extracts of Laurel Cherry in Different Experimental Models and Chemical Characterization of the Seed Extract

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 379 - 385
by Nilüfer Orhan, Tangül Damlacı, Turhan Baykal, Temel Özek and Mustafa Aslan

Laurel cherry (Prunus laurocerasus L.), an evergreen tree from Rosaceae family, is used as a folk medicine for various medical purposes and against diabetes as well in Northern Anatolia. The present study was performed to evaluate in-vivo hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activities of P. laurocerasus. Hypoglycaemic effect of ethanol extracts of the fruit and seeds were tested on normoglycaemic, glucose loaded and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The extracts were given orally to rats and blood glucose levels were determined according to the glucose oxidase method. The results indicated that seed extract showed 20% inhibition on blood glucose levels on experimental diabetic animals. Chemical composition of the bioactive seed extract was analyzed by GC-MS. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were detected as the major components of this extract. Therefore, hypoglycaemic activity of the seeds may be arisen from unsaturated fatty acids.

Keywords
Antidiabetic fatty acids Prunus laurocerasus Rosaceae diabetes
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Original Article

17) Composition of Stem Bark Essential Oils of Three Vietnamese Essential Oils of Three Vietnamese Species of Kadsura (Schisandraceae)

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 386 - 393
by Do N. Dai, Bui V. Thanh, Luu D.N. Anh, Ninh K. Ban, Tran D. Thang and Isiaka A. Ogunwande

The chemical composition of volatiles from the stem barks of three different Kadsura species has been studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The components were identified by MS libraries and their LRIs. The essential oils content varied between 0.15% and 0.20% (v/w), calculated on a dry weight basis. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (25.2% - 57.9%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (27.1%- 64.4%) are the main oil fractions . Kadsura coccinea(Lemaire) A. C. Smith., afforded oil whose major compounds were b -caryophylene (23.6%), d -cadinene (8.6%), caryophyllene oxide (7.8%) , epi- a -bisabolol (7.5%) and a -copaene (6.6%) . On the other hand, a -muurolol (43.5%) was the most singly abundant constituent of Kadsura longipeduculata Finet & Gagnepain. , with minor amounts of a -cadinol (5.4%), b -caryophylene (5.4%) and d -cadinene (5.0%). However, we have identified a -acorenol (10.1%), d -cadinene (9.6%), g -cadinene (8.1%) and d -elemene (6.8%) as the major constituents of Kadsura induta A. C. Smith.

Keywords
Kadsura essential oil composition terpenes
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Original Article

18) Fatty Acid Compositions and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Tripleurospermum parviflorum (Willd.) Pobed. and Tripleurospermum tenuifolium (Kit.)

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 394 - 403
by Tuğçe Fafal Erdoğan, Esra Küpeli Akkol, Ipek Süntar, Tuba Mert Gönenç and Bijen Kıvçak

In Turkish traditional medicine, Tripleurospermum species have been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential and fatty acid composition of the extracts prepared from Tripleurospermumparviflorum (Willd.) Pobed. and T. tenuifolium (Kit.). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using carrageenan-, and serotonin- induced hind paw edema and acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability models. The fatty acid compositions of the plants were investigated by gas chromatography (GC). EtOAc extracts of T. tenuifolium and T.parviflorum exerted notable inhibitory effect in the all in vivo anti-inflammatory activity models tested. Generally, C 16:0 palmitic acid and C 18:2 linoleic acid were found to be the major fatty acids in two species. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were found in higher amounts than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in two species. SFAs were determinated at 63.15% and 58.68% in T. tenuifolium and T. parviflorum, respectively. The high content of linoleic acid and palmitic acid may be primarily responsible for significant anti-inflammatory activity. The present study confirms the anti-inflammatory activity of T. parviflorum and T. tenuifolium. Further phytochemical and biological activity studies are needed for the determination of the active principle/s and anti-inflammatory activity mechanism.

Keywords
Anti-inflammatory Asteraceae Tripleurospermum parviflorum Tripleurospermum tenuifolium Fatty acid
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Original Article

19) Phytotoxic Effects of Nepeta meyeri Benth. Extracts and Essential Oil on Seed Germinations and Seedling Growths of Four Weed Species

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 404 - 418
by Saban Kordali, Aysema Tazegul and Ahmet Cakir

Essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Nepeta meyeri Benth. by hydrodistilation was analysed by GC and GC-MS methods. A total 18 components were identified in the oil representing 100.0% of the oil. Main components were 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (80.3%), 4aα,7α,7aα–nepetalactone (10.3%), trans-pulegol (3.1%), 1, 8-cineole (3.0%) and β-bourbonene (2.0%). In addition, n-hexane extract of N. meyeri was analysed by using GC and GC-MS methods and 18 components were identified. Likewise, nepetalactones, 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (83.7%), 4aα,7α,7aα–nepetalactone (3.6%), 1, 8-cineole (1.9%) and α-terpinene (1.5%) were the predominat compounds in the hexane extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL) of the essential oil and n-hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts isolated from the aerial partsand roots were tested for the herbicidal effects on the germination of the seeds of four weed species including Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense L. and Sinapsis arvensis L. The essential oil of N. meyeri completely inhibited the germination of all weed seeds whereas the extracts showed various inhibition effects on the germination of the weed species. Herbicidal effect was increased with the increasing application concentrations of the extracts. In general, the acetone extract was found to be more effective as compared to the other extracts. All extracts also exhibited various inhibition effects on the seedling growths of the weed species. All extracts also tested for their phytotoxic effects on the weeds at greenhouse condition and the results showed that the oil and extracts caused mortality with 22.00-66.00% 48h after the treatments. These findings suggest that the essential oil and the extracts of N. meyeri have potentials for use as herbicides against those weed species.

Keywords
Nepeta meyeri Herbicidal effect Essential oil Extract
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Original Article

20) Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory activities of Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC. (Malpighiaceae)

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 419 - 431
by Gustavo S. Queiroz, Melina Heller, Fábio Arruda-Silva, Marcus V. P. S. Nascimento, Gustavo A. Micke, Eduardo M. Dalmarco, Moacir G. Pizzolatti and Ines M. C. Brighente

Bunchosia armeniaca (B. armeniaca) is a native plant to America, and popularly called “cafezinho”, “ciruela” or “falso-guaraná”. In traditional medicine is used to treat different pathologies including infectious and inflammatory diseases. From ethanolic extract of B. armeniaca leaves (Malpighiaceae) afforded a flavonoid mixture consisting of rutin 1 (83.5%), isoquercitrin 2 (5.6%) and afzelin 5 (10.9%), which were identified and individually quantified as helpful for capillary electrophoresis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The ethanolic extract showed an excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and moderate activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The flavonoid mixture showed antibacterial activity, mainly against the gram negative bacteria. Moreover, this plant demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory action, inhibiting the leukocyte influx and exudate formation in pleural cavity caused by carrageenan. The inflammation mediators involved in this model study, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly inhibited by ethanolic extract and flavonoid mixture of B. armeniaca. The results show that B. armeniaca has a significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and that these effects is due, at least in part, to the presence of rutin, isoquercetrin and afzelin in large amounts. Hence, these compounds have potential as novel lead compounds for the future development of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of patients with infectious and inflammatory disorders.

Keywords
B. armeniaca flavonoids capillary electrophoresis antibacterial anti-inflammatory
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Short Report

21) Ulubelenolide: A New triterpene lactone from Tanacetum chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.) var. monocephalum Grierson

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 432 - 435
by Kaan Polatoğlu and Nezhun Gören

A further investigation on Tanacetum chilliophyllum var. monocephalum ethyl acetate extract afforded a new triterpene lactone Ulubelenolide (olean-12-ene-3β,10β-olide) (1).The structure of (1) was determined with spectral analysis including FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR, APT, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and APCI-MS.

Keywords
Ulubelenolide triterpene lactone olean-12-ene-3β 10β-olide Tanacetum chilliophyllum var. monocephalum Astereceae
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Short Report

22) Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Different Parts of Cachrys cristata DC. from Greece

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 436 - 440
by Aikaterini Koutsaviti, Christina Georgiou, Marina Milenković and Olga Tzakou

Fresh leaves, stems and roots of Cachrys cristata, were subjected to hydrodistillation and the oils obtained were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. Sixty eight constituents were in total identified, with (Z)- β -ocimene (44.2% and 30.5%) dominating in leaves and stems oils, while the major metabolite of the roots was found to be p-tolualdehyde (39.6%), followed by (Z)- β -ocimene (15.2%). The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the essential oils were determined using the broth microdilution method against seven laboratory strains of bacteria - Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidisMicrococcus luteusЕnterococcus faecalis and Gram negative: Escherichia coliKlebsiella pneumoniaePseudomonas aeruginosa, a nd two strains of the yeast Candida albicans. The essential oils exhibited considerable activity against certain strains of the microorganisms tested, with the leaves oil demonstrating higher antimicrobial activity among the tested samples.

Keywords
Antimicrobial activity chemical composition essential oil Cachrys cristata
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Short Report

23) Cytotoxic Constituents from bark and leaves of Amyris pinnata Kunth.

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 441 - 445
by Luis Enrique Cuca-Suarez, Franco Della-Monache and Ericsson Coy-Barrera

From leaves and bark of Amyris pinnata Kunth twelve compounds were isolated, corresponding to six lignans 1-6, three coumarins 7-9, a sesquiterpene 10, an oxazole alkaloid 11, and a prenylated flavonoid 12,. Metabolites were identified by spectroscopic techniques ( 1H and 13C NMR, EIMS) and by comparison with published data in the literature. C ytotoxicity against leukemia, solid tumors, and normal cells was evaluated for all isolated compounds. Lignans were found to be the most cytotoxic compounds occurring in A. pinnata.

Keywords
Amyris pinnata lignans coumarins alkaloid flavonoid cytotoxicity
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Short Report

24) Chemical Constituents and their DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Nepalese Crude Drug Begonia picta

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 446 - 450
by Khem Raj Joshi, Hari Prasad Devkota, Takanori Nakamura, Takashi Watanabe and Shoji Yahara

Vitexin (1), isovitexin (2), orientin (3), isoorientin (4) and 1, 3 - dih y d roxy - 6, 7 - dimethoxyxanthone (5) were isolated from the whole plant of Begonia picta , a Nepalese crude drug commonly known as “ Magarkaanche ”. Structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from B. picta and their in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) free radical scavenging assay. Compounds 3 and 4 showed significant free radical scavenging activity.

Keywords
Begoina picta vitexin orientin Flavonoid Xanthone
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Short Report

25) Phytochemical Characterization of Filipendula ulmaria by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

Rec. Nat. Prod. (2015) 9:3 ; 451 - 455
by Milda Pukalskiene, Petras Rimantas Venskutonis and Audrius Pukalskas

Antioxidant properties of Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet) extracts obtained with increasing polarity solvents, acetone, methanol and water were evaluated by the DPPH · and ABTS · + scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays and by the content of total phenols. Methanol extract was screened by the on-line HPLC-UV-DPPH · scavenging assay, while phytochemical composition of extracts isolated at different plant vegetation phases was determined by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS 2. Eight compounds were identified and quantified, some other compounds were identified tentatively based on the obtained fragments and comparison with literature data . As a conclusion, the results demonstrate that F. ulmaria is a promising species for the development of novel high added value preparations.

Keywords
Filipendula ulmaria antioxidant activity total phenolic compounds flavonoids plant vegetation stage
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